以顽固性胸腔出血为表现的肺上皮样血管肉瘤1例

时间:2022-06-01 10:40:03 公文范文 浏览次数:

zoޛ)j馓S��{ߞ׮㽵Mzg4׏4i-->fvbjxWazj+{ifvbjx"ƫr<@5pS5<@?Gvݸ&~}|hm?I fx4}=SH~ixto^w]=]=Ou]/םN/8^?/guM&$m4]yrmyrn\g&ח&&ӗ&^Af_yا %&b)L]D0azXǥ ~ٳ^ivm4]&wvM&~wIii<@5ӽz{b}u}+]ui<@)Yzb'azf*-bfw^*"vjx"ݢ^*&hAަ+azX֧*,j(方案,临床研究发现其对化疗及放疗均不敏感,大多数PEH术后近期效果良好,在缺乏其他辅助治疗情况下70%的患者生存期达2~20年[14],而PEA病理提示广泛出血,发病时有咯血及多发转移者预后极差[5]。

本病例来院时表现为胸闷、咯血、咳嗽,入院后主要以反复胸腔出血为突出表现,患者两次剖胸探查均提示壁层胸膜广泛渗血,虽经积极治疗,但终因出血而死亡。患者出血未得到有效控制,考虑与上皮样血管肉瘤本身性质有关,其来源于血管且不规则幼稚血管多,易导致出血,此外肺本身血供丰富,上皮样血管肉瘤作为恶性肿瘤侵袭性生长破坏血管,造成反复出血而不易控制。

由于EA原发性和转移性病灶在病理学上形态类似,且肺内此类肿瘤大多是转移而来[6-7],故在诊断原发性PEA时首先需排除是否存在可疑原发病灶。该患者右侧甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,因住院时间短,且入院后病情迅速恶化,故未行甲状腺针吸活检,因此目前该病例是原发于肺组织还是转移鉴别困难,较为遗憾。

综上,对于临床上出现咯血、血性胸腔积液的患者,尤其是应用多种方法治疗效果欠佳者,在排除常见疾病的情况下应考虑少见病如PEA,及时手术,依据病理进行诊断。虽然目前尚无有效治疗方法,但早诊断可以避免一些对患者不必要的伤害,对于医患沟通而言也非常重要,可以降低医患之间的矛盾。随着医疗技术的发展,像PEA这些恶性程度高、治疗棘手、预后差的疾病可能会得到改善。

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(收稿日期:2015-11-05 本文编辑:卫 轲)

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