基于SPI干旱指数的海口市干旱变化特征研究

时间:2022-04-01 10:05:35 公文范文 浏览次数:

摘要:根据海口市8个雨量站1970-2012年的逐日降雨资料,采用降雨平均和SPI(标准化降水指数)平均两种不同的SPI处理方案[JP+1]计算了三个时间尺度(3、6、12个月)的SPI值。将两种处理方案在不同时间尺度上计算所得的干旱情况与实际干旱情况做了比较,选择适用于海口市干旱评估的处理方案,应用MannKendall检验,Morlet小波分析方法分析了海口市1970-2012年间各季节的干旱变化趋势和年干旱变化周期。结果显示:降雨平均方案更适用于评估海口市的干旱情况;海口市不同程度的干旱发生频率高达56%,多发生在春、秋两季,频率分别为51%和41%,秋季特旱发生频率为14%;海口市整体干旱有加重趋势且秋季加重趋势明显;海口市干旱具有13 a左右的第一主周期,4 a和22 a的第二、三周期。研究结果可为海口市干旱评估和预报以及制定抗旱减灾措施提供参考。

关键词:SPI(标准化降水指数);干旱特征;MannKendall检验;小波分析;海口市

中图分类号:P467文献标志码:A文章编号:

16721683(2018)04005808

Study on the characteristics of drought in Haikou City based on standardized precipitation index

SUN Qiuhui,XU Guobin,MA Chao,CHEN Liang

State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300354,China)

Abstract:

According to the daily rainfall data of the eight rainfall stations in Haikou City from 1970 to 2012,we used two different SPI processing schemes,(1) SPI calculated from allstation averaged precipitation (precipitationmean) and (2) mean of all SPI calculated from precipitation at individual stations (SPImean),to calculate the SPI values at 3,6and 12month scales.We compared the drought situation reflected by the two schemes at each month scale with the actual drought situation and selected the suitable scheme for drought evaluation in Haikou City.We used the MannKendall test and Morlet wavelet analysis method to analyze the change trend and the cycle of drought change in Haikou City from 1970 to 2012.The results showed that precipitationmean is more suitable to evaluate the drought situation in Haikou.From 1970 to 2012,the occurrence frequency of droughts of different degrees in Haikou City was as high as 56%,especially in spring and autumn,where the frequency was 51% and 41% respectively.The occurrence frequency of extreme droughts in autumn was 14%.The general drought situation in Haikou City was aggravating,and the trend was especially obvious in autumn.The drought in Haikou had a first main cycle of about 13 years,a second main cycle of 4 years,and a third main cycle of 22 years.The results can provide a reference for drought evaluation and forecasting and the development of drought relief measures in Haikou City.

Key words:

[JP+4]SPI(Standardized Precipitation Index);drought characteristic;MannKendall test;wavelet analysis;Haikou City

干旱,廣泛发生于世界各地的气象灾害,给人民的生命财产带来极大的危害。为了监测和量化干旱程度,许多研究学者提出了各种各样的气象干旱指数,如:降水量距平百分率(Pa)、相对湿润度指数(M)、帕默尔干旱指数(PDSI)、标准化降水指数(SPI)等。其中,SPI因其可量化不同时间尺度的降水量赤字且只需要降雨资料、计算简单易行、不依赖于土壤水分条件或不利地形的影响而被研究者广泛应用[121]。黄晚华等[1]采用SPI为干旱指标,分析了秦岭—淮河以南、青藏高原以东的广大南方地区季节性干旱时空变化规律,研究表明,中国南方干旱程度在时间尺度上呈不同程度的增加趋势,春旱和秋旱有加重的趋势,而夏旱和冬旱有减轻的趋势。李伟光等[2]证明了利用Γ分布拟合海南岛不同尺度降水量的可行性,并得出不同时间尺度SPI值结合使用可以准确判断海南岛旱季和雨季不同类型干旱的开始、持续时间及严重程度的结论。Joshi等[3]应用SPI作为气象干旱指标分析了印度141 a(1871-2012年)30个降雨分区的各种干旱变量,并应用离散小波变换结合MannKendall测试分析了与干旱变量相关联的趋势和周期,结果表明,在20世纪下半叶,印度东北和中部的干旱发生显著增加,干旱变化趋势受短期(2~8 a)和年代际(16~32 a)周期影响显著。Zhou和Liu[4]以1957-2014年13个雨量站记录的鄱阳湖盆地月降水量为例,研究了由各个站的降水计算所有SPI的平均值(SPI平均)和SPI从全站平均降水(降水平均)计算所得两种处理方案在评估干旱中产生的差异,结果表明对于鄱阳湖盆地,SPI平均方案相比于降水平均方案可以更准确地突出极端事件,因而应用SPI平均值方案对其进行评估更合适。

推荐访问:干旱 海口市 特征 变化 指数